Diabetes
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For diabetes or diabetes, or disease or diabetes for diabetes and other (Latin: Diabetes mellitus) is a syndrome characterized by metabolic disorder and high anomaly in the concentration of blood sugar caused by insulin deficiency, or reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin, or both. Diabetes leads to serious complications or even premature death, but diabetics can take certain steps to control the disease and reduce the risk of complications. Diabetics suffer from the problems of converting food into energy (metabolism), after a meal, it is split into the sugar called glucose carried by the blood to all cells of the body. And need most cells of the body to insulin, allowing glucose to enter the middle between the cells into the cells.
As a result of diabetes, does not convert glucose into energy, leading to the availability of excessive amounts in the blood, while cells remain hungry for energy. Over the years, developed a state of hyperglycemia (Latin: hyperglycaemia), which causes severe damage to the nerves and blood vessels, and therefore can lead to complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, neuropathy and inflammation of the gums, and diabetic foot, but can be up command to the amputation.
Diabetes Type I
Characterized by Type I diabetes is a loss of cells to insulin-producing beta cells of Langerhans in the pancreas leading to insulin deficiency. The main reason for this loss is characterized by autoimmune attack on the immune cells, V beta cells producing insulin. There is no way to prevent infection from the first pattern of diabetes, which represents 10% of cases of diabetic patients in North America and Europe, with different geographical distribution, and most affected by the disease were either healthy or with weights is ideal when symptoms of the disease began to emerge. And be responsive to the effect of regular insulin (no resistance), particularly in the early stages.The first pattern can affect children or adults, but it is traditionally known diabetes because most of the children living with children.
Addresses the first type are essential - even during the early stages - insulin injections together with continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels. Can be infected patient who does not deal insulin acids Kate diabetes leads to coma or death. It must be emphasized that the patient adjusts his lifestyle, especially with regard to diet and exercise sports despite the fact that all this can not compensate for the loss of beta cells. And away from the traditional use of insulin injections under the skin, can be connected to a blood insulin through the pump - can insulin infusion throughout the day and certain levels - can also be controlled in the doses (such as giving a large dose) - as needed - at meal times. And there was also a type of inhaled insulin could be called "Exubera," which was adopted by the agency and drug Administration (FDA) in January of 2006, but Pfizer Inc. stopped production in October of 2007.
And continue to treat Type I diabetes without end. Treatment does not affect significantly the activities of life for the patient if there was a back and awareness of proper care as well as the regularity of taking doses and measuring the level of blood glucose. And because a treatment can be a heavy burden on patients, the insulin Iwkhadd way abnormal and far removed from the system supposed to. It must be the average level of blood glucose for the pattern of the first as close as possible to the normal level secure (80-120 mg / dl or 4-6 mmol / L) and likely some doctors that ranges from the level of blood glucose between 140 and 150 mg / Deltr (7 - 7.5 mmol / L) for patients who suffer if the level of blood glucose is low they (happen to them repeatedly in the lower level of blood glucose). The higher levels of 200 mg / dL (10 mmol / L) accompanied in some cases, discomfort and frequent urination leading to dehydration. And higher levels of 300 mg / dL (15 mmol / l) usually require treatment because it can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, but does not threaten the patient's life anyway. The low levels of blood glucose, it can cause cramps or periods of loss of consciousness It is necessary to treat severely and immediately.
Diabetes Type II
Characterized type II diabetes on the odd, the first type of resistance, where the presence of anti-insulin effect in addition to a lack of insulin secretion. Does not respond to insulin receptors in the cell envelope of the various tissues of the body properly to insulin. Be the first stages of insulin resistance is the dominant abnormality in the tissue response to insulin and accompanied by high levels of insulin in the blood. At this stage, can reduce the level of blood glucose by means of medicines and increase the effectiveness of insulin and reduce the production of glucose from the liver. As the progression of the disease are less efficient secretion of insulin from the pancreas and there is a need to inject insulin.
There are many theories that attempt to determine the cause of injury and the mechanism of Type II diabetes. It is known that the rumen, any fat that is concentrated around the waist to the members within the abdomen and not the fat under the skin, leading to insulin resistance. And fat hormonally active and secrete a group of hormones that reduce the effectiveness of insulin. And obese 55% of patients with Type II diabetes. There are other factors such as aging, with about 20% of the elderly suffer from diabetes in North America, and family history, as is commonly the second mode than in individuals who have relatives suffered from it previously, has begun to type II injury of children and adolescents steadily in the past decade may be due to the spread of childhood obesity in some places in the world.
And can continue without a second mode Note the patient for a long time because of the weakness of the onset of symptoms or because of the lack of clarity of mind or just a passing individual cases do not suggest the existence of the disease. The patient usually does not suffer from ketoacidosis. But can produce serious complications of not observing the disease such as renal failure caused by neuropathy or vascular disease, such as disease in the coronary artery, or an eye disease caused by diabetic retinopathy, or loss of pain sensation due to diabetic neuropathy, or liver damage the result of inflammation of the liver is not fatty alcohol, that is not caused by alcoholic beverages, as normally happens.
And starts the Treatment of Type II, usually through increased physical activity and reduce the carbohydrates and reduce weight. Such measures would restore the effectiveness of insulin, even if it has a little weight (5 kg for example), especially if it was from the area of the rumen. In some cases, control the level of blood glucose well by these procedures only for a long time, but the body a mile of insulin resistance does not end, therefore, attention should be paid to continue physical activity and weight loss and maintaining a diet appropriate for the disease. The next step of treatment is usually the pills reduced the sugar. And weakens the insulin production to some extent at the beginning of type II diabetes, therefore, can use a drug by mouth (as used in many prescriptions that contain a combination of drugs) to improve insulin production (Family sulfonylureas), or to regulate the secretion is not appropriate for the glucose from the liver and to weaken insulin resistance to some extent (metformin) or insulin resistance weakened dramatically (such as Althiazoulidendionat). I have found one study that compared obese patients who take metformin with those who rely on the control diet only, the use of metformin reduces the likelihood of infection with serious complications by 32%, and less likely to die because of diabetes by 42% and even less have a probability of death or stroke for any reason by 36%. [26] can oral drug that fails in the end because of the continuing weakness of the secretion of insulin from beta cells and when you reach this stage must use insulin injections to control blood glucose.
Similar to type II diabetes pregnant women in many ways, for example, are similar in the relative lack of insulin and the weak response of the body's tissues to the effect of insulin. And suffering between 2 and 5% of pregnant women from this disease, but it disappears or improves the mother after birth. Can be cured of diabetes pregnant once but it requires medical supervision minute during pregnancy. But between 20 and 50% of mothers who suffered from diabetes pregnant women can be infected with Type II in the later stages of their lives.
Despite the injury, temporary and not permanent but the pregnant Diabetes can damage the health of the pregnant mother or fetus's health. It is the risk to the fetus: fetal body inflation, an increase of weight at birth, abnormalities in the heart or central nervous system, as well as structural defects in the device. And can increase the proportion of insulin in the fetus to prevent the production of surface and lead to respiratory distress syndrome and jaundice can occur as a result of the destruction of red blood cells. In serious cases, can die of the fetus before birth and occurs in most cases due to lack of nutrition through the placenta due to weak blood vessels. Birth and could be urged in the case of landing a job placenta. It can perform a Caesarean section if there is difficulty in getting the fetus or the possibility of injury due to an enlarged body such as the difficulty out shoulders.
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Last Update
5/23/2011 3:40:09 PM
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